Indications 

Zonisamide is administered in conjunction with other medications for the purpose of seizure prevention and control in individuals with epilepsy. Serving as both a sulfonamide anticonvulsant and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, the precise mechanism by which zonisamide exerts its antiseizure effects remains unknown. 

Uses and Dosage 

Before commencing zonisamide treatment and with each refill, review the Medication Guide provided by the pharmacist. In case of any inquiries, consult your doctor or pharmacist for guidance. 

Take this medication orally, with or without food, as prescribed by your doctor, generally once or twice daily. To prevent the formation of kidney stones, consume an ample amount of fluids while taking this medication, unless otherwise instructed by your doctor. 

The dosage of zonisamide is contingent on your medical condition and response to treatment. Adhere to your doctor’s prescribed dosing instructions. Initially, your doctor will initiate treatment with a low dose and gradually increase it. It may take several weeks or months to determine the optimal dose for you and to obtain the full therapeutic benefits of this medication. 

To derive maximum benefit from zonisamide, use it regularly. This medication exhibits optimal efficacy when the concentration of the drug in your body remains constant. In order to establish a consistent routine and ensure constant levels, take zonisamide at the same time(s) every day. 

Do not discontinue the use of this medication without consulting your doctor, as abruptly stopping the drug may exacerbate certain conditions. It may be necessary to gradually reduce the dosage under medical supervision. 

If your condition does not show signs of improvement or worsens, inform your doctor promptly. 

Side Effects 

Allergic Reaction

Please seek immediate medical assistance if you experience any signs of an allergic reaction to Zonegran, such as: 

• Any form of skin rash 
• Hives 
• Fever 
• Swollen glands 
• Weakness or fatigue 
• Severe muscle pain 
• Unusual bruising or bleeding 
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes 
• Difficulty breathing 
• Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat 

Severe Side Effects

Notify your doctor promptly about any new or worsening symptoms, including: 

• Sudden mood or behavior changes 
• Anxiety or panic attacks 
• Trouble sleeping 
• Impulsive behavior 
• Irritability or agitation 
• Hostility or aggression 
• Restlessness 
• Hyperactivity (mentally or physically) 
• Depression 
• Thoughts of suicide or self-harm 

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following: 

• Eye pain, redness, or changes in vision 
• Decreased sweating and feeling excessively hot 
• Signs of metabolic acidosis, such as confusion, vomiting, lack of energy, or irregular heartbeats 
• Symptoms of a blood cell disorder, including fever, chills, body aches, flu-like symptoms, and sores in the mouth and throat 
• Symptoms of a kidney stone, such as severe pain in the stomach or lower back, or blood in the urine 
• Increased or worsening seizures 
• The first sign of any skin rash, regardless of its severity 
• Severe skin reaction, characterized by fever, sore throat, swelling in the face or tongue, burning in the eyes, followed by a red or purple skin rash that spreads (especially in the face or upper body), and leads to blistering and peeling 

Common Side Effects

Common side effects of Zonegran may include: 

• Drowsiness 
• Dizziness 
• Problems with memory or concentration 
• Feelings of agitation or irritability 
• Loss of coordination and difficulty walking 
• Loss of appetite 

Caution 

Avoid the use of Zonegran if you have an allergy to zonisamide or other sulfa drugs, such as sulfamethoxazole (Gantanol), sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin), or sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Bactrim, Septra, Sulfatrim, SMX-TMP, and others).  

Zonegran usage has been associated with the risk of permanent vision loss. Notify your doctor promptly if you experience any eye pain, redness, or changes in vision. 

Some individuals may experience suicidal thoughts while taking zonisamide. Remain vigilant for changes in mood or symptoms and promptly report any new or worsening symptoms to your doctor. 

Inform your doctor of any new or worsening symptoms, such as mood or behavior changes, anxiety, panic attacks, difficulty sleeping, impulsivity, irritability, agitation, hostility, aggression, restlessness, hyperactivity (mentally or physically), increased depression, or thoughts of suicide or self-harm. 

Zonegran may impair cognitive function and reaction times. Exercise caution when engaging in activities that require alertness, such as driving. 

Do not discontinue the use of this medication without consulting your doctor, even if you feel well. Abruptly stopping Zonegran may lead to an increased risk of seizures. It may be necessary to gradually reduce the dosage under medical supervision before completely discontinuing the medication. 

If you require surgery, inform the surgeon in advance about your use of Zonegran. Temporary cessation of the medication may be necessary for a short period. 

Adhere to all instructions provided on the medication label and packaging. Inform each of your healthcare providers about your medical conditions, allergies, and all other medications you are using.