Indications 

Niacin is an effective therapeutic measure for addressing low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and elevated triglyceride levels. 

Since niacin is not stored in the body, a consistent supply of niacin through food and supplements is needed. This vitamin is essential for the proper functioning of the digestive system, skin, and nerves and for converting food into energy. 

Niacin, known as vitamin B3, is a member of the B-complex vitamins, which support the body’s metabolism of natural compounds crucial for optimal health. Note that niacinamide (nicotinamide) is a distinct variant of vitamin B3 and does not share identical functions with niacin. 

Insufficient niacin levels may lead to several symptoms, including diarrhea, confusion (dementia), tongue redness/swelling, and peeling red skin. Niacin deficiency can occur due to various medical conditions such as alcohol abuse, malabsorption syndrome, Hartnup disease, poor diet, or prolonged use of specific medications like isoniazid. 

Uses and Dosage 

This medication should be consumed orally with a low-fat meal or snack, following your physician’s instructions, usually 1-3 times daily. Taking niacin on an empty stomach may result in increased side effects like flushing and an upset stomach. Follow all guidelines indicated on the product package. If your healthcare provider has prescribed this medication, consume it according to their instructions. If you have any concerns or questions, seek advice from your doctor or pharmacist. 

Swallow the tablet or capsule whole without crushing, chewing, breaking, or opening it. 

Changing this medication’s brand, strength, or form may alter your dosage requirements. Only use the form and power your doctor prescribes to prevent medication errors. 

The prescribed dose of this medication is determined based on your medical condition and treatment response. If you are consuming this medication to address lipid problems, your physician may recommend initiating treatment with a low dose and gradually increasing it to minimize the risk of adverse effects. Even if you are currently consuming niacin and are transitioning from a different niacin product to this one, your dose will need to be escalated gradually. Carefully adhere to your doctor’s instructions. 

Side Effects 

If you exhibit any symptoms of an allergic reaction to niacin, such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat, you must seek emergency medical assistance immediately. 

Common Side Effects  

• Flushing (sudden warmth, redness, or tingling sensation) 
• Gastrointestinal problems such as:
  • Upset stomach
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea 
• Abnormal liver function tests 
• Itching 
• Rash 
• Dry skin 
• Cough 
• Skin discoloration 
• Headaches 

Severe Side Effects 

Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following: 

• Symptoms of a heart attack, such as: 
  • Chest pain or pressure 
  • Pain spreading to your jaw or shoulder 
  • Nausea 
  • Sweating 
• High blood sugar: 
  • Increased thirst 
  • Increased urination 
  • Dry mouth 
  • Fruity breath odor 
• Unexplained muscle pain 
• Feeling light-headed or as if you may pass out 
• Irregular heartbeats 
• Severe warmth or redness under the skin 
• Vision problems 
• The yellowing of the skin or eyes characterizes jaundice. 

The abovementioned list is incomplete, and some other side effects may occur. If you experience any adverse effects, consult your doctor for medical advice. 

Cautions 

Before taking niacin, inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have any allergies, including allergies to this medication or other allergens. This medication may contain inactive ingredients that elicit an allergic reaction or other adverse effects. Please consult your pharmacist for more information. 

Niacin can cause dizziness, and alcohol or marijuana (cannabis) can exacerbate this side effect. Therefore, better to avoid driving, operating machinery, or engaging in activities that require alertness until you can do so safely. Limit your intake of alcoholic beverages and discuss your use of marijuana with your doctor. 

To avoid potential interactions, avoid taking colesevelam, colestipol, or cholestyramine for 4 hours before or after taking niacin. Furthermore, inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking, including those to lower cholesterol or triglycerides, aspirin, blood pressure medication, and blood thinners such as warfarin, Coumadin, or Jantoven.