Indications 

Viread is a prescribed medication used in conjunction with other antiretroviral agents to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection in adults and pediatric patients aged 2 and older, weighing at least 10 kg. 

Viread is also indicated for the management of chronic hepatitis B in adults and pediatric patients of the same age and weight criteria. 

Categorized as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), Viread functions by reducing the viral load of both HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the bloodstream. 

Although not a cure for HIV, this medication can lower the likelihood of acquiring acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and related illnesses like severe infections or cancer. 

Uses and Dosage 

Before taking Viread and with every prescription refill, carefully review the medication guide and patient information leaflet provided by your pharmacist. For any queries, do not hesitate to consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist. 

The dosage of Viread is determined by considering the patient’s medical condition, kidney function, treatment response, and weight for children. 

Typically, Viread is taken once daily as prescribed by the doctor, without regard to food intake. 

Strictly adhere to your doctor’s prescribed regimen for this medication (along with other HIV medications). Refrain from missing doses, altering the dosage, or discontinuing the treatment (including other HIV medicines) without explicit instructions from your doctor.  

Unauthorized changes in the medication regimen may result in increased viral activity, heightened treatment complexity (e.g., drug resistance), or exacerbated side effects. 

To optimize effectiveness, take Viread consistently at evenly spaced intervals. To aid in remembering, take it at the same time of the day every day. 

Side Effects 

Listed below are the potential adverse effects of Viread. If any of these symptoms persist or worsen, promptly inform your doctor. 

Common Side Effects 

• Abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea 
• Fever, pain 
• Fatigue, dizziness 
• Headache 
• Feelings of depression 

• Itching, skin rash 
• Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) 

Serious Side Effects 

• Sore throat, flu-like symptoms, easy bruising, or abnormal bleeding 
• Kidney problem: 
  • Reduced or absent urination 
  • Discomfort or difficulty when urinating 
  • Foot or ankle swelling 
  • Fatigue 
  • Shortness of breath 
• Liver complications: 
  • Abdominal swelling 
  • Upper stomach pain 
  • Unusual fatigue 
  • Appetite loss 
  • Dark urine 
  • Pale stools 
  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). 

Promptly contact your doctor should you experience any of the serious side effects listed above. 

Mild symptoms of lactic acidosis may deteriorate gradually and could lead to a life-threatening situation. Seek immediate medical assistance if you experience any of the following:  

• Unusual muscle discomfort 
• Breathing difficulties 
• Abdominal pain 
• Vomiting 
• Rapid, slow, or irregular heartbeats 
• Dizziness 
• Cold sensations 
• Extreme weakness 
• Profound fatigue 

Viread may affect the immune system, even after several weeks or months of use. Inform your doctor if you experience: 

• Indications of a new infection:  
  • Fever 
  • Night sweats 
  • Swollen glands 
  • Cold sores 
  • Cough 
  • Wheezing 
  • Diarrhea 
  • Weight loss 
• Difficulties with speech or swallowing, balance or eye movement issues, weakness, or tingling sensations 
• Swelling in the neck or throat (enlarged thyroid), alterations in menstrual patterns, or impotence 

Allergic Reactions 

In rare instances, Viread may cause a severe allergic reaction. Promptly seek medical attention upon observing any indications of an allergic reaction, including: 

• Hives 
• Labored breathing 
• Face, lips, tongue, or throat swelling 

Not all side effects of Viread are included in this list. Inform your doctor if any unlisted effects arise. 

Cautions 

Before starting treatment with Viread, inform your doctor if you have any known allergies, particularly to tenofovir. 

Ask your pharmacist for more details about Viread, as it may contain inactive components that may trigger allergic reactions or other complications. 

To ensure Viread is safe for you, disclose to your physician your medical background, especially if you have a history of: 

• Kidney problems 
• Liver issues, including hepatitis C and cirrhosis 
• Bone-related problems like bone disease, osteoporosis, and fractures 
• Pancreatitis 
• Alcohol consumption 

Disclose all your medication usage, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and herbal products to your healthcare providers to mitigate the risk of drug interaction with Viread. 

Some of the products that may interact with Viread include: 

• Adefovir 
• Orlistat 
• Other medications that could potentially harm the kidneys, such as aminoglycosides like amikacin and gentamicin 

Concurrent use of Viread with any other products containing tenofovir should be avoided. 

Viread may interact with other drugs used to treat HIV, such as atazanavir, reducing their effectiveness. To counter this effect, your doctor may recommend adding another medication called ritonavir. For further information, consult your doctor or pharmacist; they will make the necessary adjustments to your prescription and closely monitor your treatment to minimize the risk of any adverse effects. 

Following cessation of Viread usage, hepatitis B patients should anticipate potential activation or deterioration of the disease, thereby requiring frequent monitoring of liver function for an extended duration. 

Viread does not prevent disease transmission. Avoid unprotected sex and sharing razors or toothbrushes and consult your doctor for guidance on preventing HIV transmission during sexual activity. Sharing needles for drug or medicine use is never a safe practice. 

During pregnancy, Viread should only be used if deemed necessary. Consult with your healthcare provider to evaluate the potential risks and benefits.  

Tenofovir can be found in breast milk. Prior to breastfeeding, seek guidance from your healthcare provider. If you have HIV, avoid breastfeeding, as breast milk can transmit the virus.