Indications 

Hyzaar is a prescription medication indicated for managing symptoms of hypertension. It is also used to decrease the likelihood of strokes in patients with high blood pressure and an enlarged heart. 

However, Hyzaar is not recommended for initial therapy unless the patient has severe hypertension, and the benefits outweigh the risks of combination therapy. 

Hyzaar contains losartan and hydrochlorothiazide categorized as angiotensin II receptor blocker/hydrochlorothiazide (ARB/HCTZ combos).  

As an ARB, Losartan works by decreasing the activity of angiotensin II, which narrows blood vessels and retains salt and water in the body. By blocking the hormone’s receptors, particularly AT1 receptors, it reduces blood pressure. 

On the other hand, hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic or water pill, also works to reduce blood pressure by blocking Na/Cl channels in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, which prevents the reabsorption of excess sodium and water from the body. 

Uses and Dosage 

Before initiating Hyzaar treatment and with every refill, thoroughly review its medication guide and patient information leaflet. Consult with a physician or pharmacist for any questions or concerns. 

The dosage of Hyzaar is individualized based on the medical condition and response to the treatment. Typically, it is taken once a day without regard to food as directed by the doctor. 

Your doctor may recommend a twice-daily regimen at the same daily dose or an increased dose if the antihypertensive effect, as measured at the trough with once-daily dosing, is inadequate. 

If you are also taking other cholesterol-lowering medications such as bile acid-binding resins (for example, cholestyramine or colestipol), Hyzaar should be taken at least 4 hours before or 4 to 6 hours after these medications. 

To maximize the benefits of Hyzaar, take it regularly at the same time each day. Continue taking this medication as directed even if you feel well, as many individuals with high blood pressure do not experience symptoms. 

Adhere strictly to the prescribed dosage of Hyzaar. Do not increase the dose or frequency of use beyond the prescription and do not stop treatment without consulting your doctor. 

Side Effects 

Potential side effects associated with the use of Hyzaar are listed below. If any of them lasts or worsens, inform your physician or pharmacist promptly. 

Common Side Effects 

• Dizziness 
• Back pain 
• Cold symptoms include: 
  • Stuffy nose 
  • Sneezing 
  • Sore throat 

Serious Side Effects 

• Sensation of dizziness or fainting 
• Irregular heartbeats 
• Eye pain or vision disturbances 
• Kidney problems such as: 
  • Edema 
  • Weight gain 
  • Reduced urine output 
• New or worsening symptoms of lupus include: 
  • Joint pain 
  • Skin rash worsened by sunlight 
• Signs of electrolyte imbalance such as: 
  • Increased thirst or urination 
  • Confusion 
  • Vomiting 
  • Constipation 
  • Muscle pain 
  • Leg cramps 
  • Irregular heartbeats 
  • Numbness or tingling 
  • Severe weakness 
  • Loss of movement 
  • Feeling jittery or unsteady 

Call your doctor right away if you experience any of the serious side effects mentioned above. 

In rare instances, Hyzaar may cause a condition where skeletal muscle tissue breaks down, resulting in kidney failure. Contact your doctor right away if you experience unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, particularly if accompanied by fever, unusual tiredness, and dark-colored urine. 

Allergic Reactions 

While it is uncommon, a severe allergic reaction to Hyzaar can occur. Get medical assistance immediately if you experience symptoms such as: 

• Rash 
• Swelling or itching, especially in the areas of the face, tongue, or throat 
• Severe dizziness 
• Difficulty breathing 

The side effects of Hyzaar listed here are incomplete. If any unmentioned side effects occur and cause discomfort, inform your doctor promptly. 

Cautions 

Before taking Hyzaar, inform your physician or pharmacist if you have any known hypersensitivities, especially to losartan, hydrochlorothiazide, or any other medications. 

Consult your pharmacist to obtain more information as this medication may contain inactive ingredients that could trigger allergic reactions or other complications. 

To determine whether Hyzaar is safe for you, disclose your medical history to your doctor, particularly of:  

• Gout 
• Kidney disease 
• Liver disease 
• Lupus 
• Dehydration 
• High potassium levels in the blood 
• Skin cancer 

Hyzaar may interact with certain products such as: 

• Aliskiren 
• Dofetilide 
• Lithium 
• Drugs that can increase the level of potassium in the blood like ACE inhibitors (e.g., benazepril/lisinopril) 
• Birth control pills containing drospirenone. 

To avoid such drug interactions, tell your doctor and pharmacist about all the medications you are taking, including prescription and non-prescription drugs, as well as any vitamins, supplements, or herbal products. 

Be mindful to tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are taking the following products listed below as some of them may contain ingredients that could increase your blood pressure or worsen heart failure. Seek advice on how to use them safely. 

• Cough-and-cold products 
• Diet aids 
• NSAIDs such as ibuprofen/naproxen 

Notify all medical professionals and the laboratory personnel that you are taking Hyzaar before any laboratory tests as it can interfere with certain tests (including parathyroid function) and produce false results. 

Hyzaar increases sun sensitivity and the risk of skin cancer, particularly with prolonged use. Minimize sun exposure, avoid tanning devices, apply sunscreen, and wear protective clothing when outside. 

Hyzaar is not recommended for pregnant women. Discontinue the use of this medication and immediately inform your physician if you become pregnant during the treatment, as the combination of hydrochlorothiazide and losartan can harm or result in the death of the fetus during the second or third trimester. 

Although losartan’s presence in breast milk is uncertain, hydrochlorothiazide is excreted into breast milk but is unlikely to harm a nursing infant. Consult a healthcare provider before breastfeeding while using this medication.